ฐานความรู้เพื่อการประเมินการกัดเซาะภายในเขื่อนดินถม
Knowledgebase for Evaluation the Internal Erosion on Embankment Dam
Abstract
บทความนี้รวบรวมองค์ความรู้การไหลซึมที่มีในปัจจุบัน สร้างฐานความรู้ในระดับการคัดกรอง (Screening Level) วินิจฉัยเสมือนเป็นผู้เชี่ยวชาญที่จะบ่งชี้ถึงรูปแบบหรือเส้นทางการไหลซึม โดยเฉพาะกรณีที่เกิดจากการทรุดตัวไม่เท่ากัน และการไหลซึมผ่านในชั้นทราย นำข้อมูลหรือคุณสมบัติพื้นฐานมาจำแนกและจัดประเภท ได้แก่ ข้อมูลฐานราก ข้อมูลกายภาพเขื่อนข้อมูลคุณสมบัติดินฐานราก และข้อมูลความลาดชันระดับน้ำ โดยจัดทำเป็นเกณฑ์ประเมิน 5 ระดับ คือ No Internal Erosion, Very Unlikely, Unlikely, Likely, Very Likely ความถูกต้องของระบบได้ทดสอบและเปรียบเทียบกับเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นจริงในอดีตของเขื่อนมรสวบ เขื่อนแม่งัด และเขื่อนมูลบน (ก่อนและหลังปรับปรุงแก้ไข) ซึ่งพบว่า สามารถระบุรูปแบบการพิบัติที่มีความสอดคล้องกับการพิบัติที่ตรวจพบในอดีต อย่างไรก็ตามฐานความรู้นี้เป็นเพียงการระบุกระบวนการความผิดปกติหรือเหตุการณ์ตั้งต้นเท่านั้น การพัฒนาหาความเสี่ยงทั้งหมดต้องให้ครอบคลุมตั้งแต่กระบวนการเริ่มต้นเหตุการณ์ไปสู่การพิบัติ ซึ่งต้องอาศัยการสร้างฐานข้อมูลเขื่อนควบคู่ไปกับการสร้างฐานความรู้ อนาคตควรจัดทำเป็นโปรแกรมหรือระบบผู้เชี่ยวชาญ (Expert System) อย่างเต็มรูปแบบ เพื่อเป็นตัวแทนความรู้ของผู้เชี่ยวชาญถ่ายทอดสู่หน่วยงานต่างๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้อง นำไปใช้งานเพื่อประโยชน์สูงสุดต่อไป
This paper has collected and compiled the knowledge of seepage and internal erosion which can be used for diagnostic screening to identify the seepage direction particularly in the case of different settlement problem and seepage through cohesionless soil foundation. The properties and the information on dam foundation treatment, physical characteristics, soil properties, and hydraulic gradient were compiled and interpreted. Five levels of safety criteria are proposed, i.e. no internal erosion, very unlikely, unlikely, likely, and very likely to show the safety status of the dam. The verification and validation of the criteria were conducted using dam data from Morasuab Dam, Mae Ngad Dam, and Moonbon Dam of both before failure and after remediation. The validation can identify the failure actually occur on those 3 dams. However, the developed knowledge base is only the initial decision criteria to identify flaws or initiation mechanism. However, the overall risk assessment requires complete processes from the initial period to breaching of the dam of which large amount of data is imperative. Thus, the development of dam data base is essential together with the knowledge base creation. In the future, a complete expert system is needed to be set up for sharing and transferring to related organizations for the optimized benefits.
Keywords
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DOI: 10.14416/j.kmutnb.2023.07.009
ISSN: 2985-2145
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