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Home > Vol 32, No 2 (2022) > Ungwiwatkul

การประเมินคุณภาพน้ำของแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่ จังหวัดระยอง โดยใช้ดัชนีชี้วัดทางเคมี
Assessment of Water Quality in Khlong Yai River in Rayong province by Chemical Index (CI)

Sunisa Ungwiwatkul, Susira Bootdee

Abstract


แม่น้ำคลองใหญ่เป็นแหล่งน้ำที่มีความสำคัญต่อประชาชนจังหวัดระยองทั้งในด้านการอุปโภคบริโภคและเกษตรกรรมปัจจุบันจังหวัดระยองมีการขยายตัวทางด้านอุตสาหกรรมและมีประชากรเพิ่มมากขึ้น ส่งผลให้มีความต้องการใช้ทรัพยากรน้ำและมีน้ำทิ้งจากกิจกรรมต่าง ๆ เพิ่มมากขึ้นไปด้วย ดังนั้นการคำนึงถึงคุณภาพและความสะอาดของน้ำถือเป็นสิ่งจำเป็น การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ เพื่อศึกษาการประเมินคุณภาพน้ำของแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่ จังหวัดระยอง โดยใช้ดัชนีชี้วัดทางเคมี (Chemical Index; CI) พารามิเตอร์ที่ใช้ในการคำนวณ คือ อุณหภูมิน้ำ การนำไฟฟ้า ความเป็นกรดด่าง ค่าดีโอ ค่าบีโอดี ไนเตรท-ไนโตรเจน แอมโมเนียม-ไนโตรเจน และออร์โธฟอสเฟต ทำการเก็บน้ำตัวอย่างจำนวน 6 จุด ในช่วงฤดูฝน ฤดูหนาว และฤดูร้อน ผลการวิจัยพบว่า คุณภาพน้ำของแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่ในฤดูฝนอยู่ในเกณฑ์ระดับคุณภาพน้ำ “ปานกลาง” ถึง “สะอาด” ขณะที่ช่วงฤดูหนาวพบว่าอยู่ในเกณฑ์ระดับ “มลพิษ” ถึง “สะอาด” และช่วงฤดูร้อนอยู่ในเกณฑ์ระดับ “ปานกลาง” ถึง “ค่อนข้างสะอาด” อย่างไรก็ตาม พบว่าค่าคุณภาพน้ำของแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่ในแต่ละฤดูกาลไม่มีความแตกต่างกัน (p>0.05) จากข้อมูลคุณภาพน้ำสามารถสรุปได้ว่าคุณภาพน้ำของแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่อยู่ในเกณฑ์มาตรฐานคุณภาพน้ำผิวดินประเภทที่ 2 ซึ่งข้อมูลคุณภาพน้ำที่ได้จากการวิจัยนี้มีประโยชน์สำหรับการจัดการทรัพยากรน้ำในจังหวัดระยอง เพื่อรองรับแผนพัฒนาเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษภาคตะวันออก (EEC)

Khlong Yai River is important to the people of Rayong Province for both consumption and agricultural proposes. Presently the city has a dramatic industrial expansion and its population is increasing, the result of which is an increase in water demand and discharge. Thus, it is necessary to consider the quality and cleanliness of the water before using. This research aims to study the assessment of water quality in Khlong Yai River at Rayong province by using the chemical index (CI). The chemical index (CI) was calculated from 8 parameters including water temperature (WT), electric conductivity (EC), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Nitrate-N (NO3- -N), Ammonium-N (NH4+-N) and Orthro-phosphate (O-PO43-). The water samples were collected from 6 sites of river in rainy, winter, and summer seasons. The result found that the water quality of Khlong Yai River in rainy season was “moderate” to “clean” in accordance with the CI, while that of winter season was “pollution” to “clean” and summer season was rated as “moderate” to “fairly clean”. However, the water quality of Khlong Yai River in all seasons were not significant difference (p>0.05). Based on the observed data, it is concluded that Khlong Yai River could be classified as in class 2 of the surface water quality standard.This study suggested that the water quality information can be used for water resources management in Rayong province to accommodate to plan of Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC).


Keywords



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Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.14416/j.kmutnb.2021.08.003

ISSN: 2985-2145