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Ferromagnetic Biochar Derived from Agricultural Waste of Musa acuminata for Adsorption of Dyes

Alexander Gaitán Bermúdez, Maria Jose Arbeláez Arias, Julio Cesar Mosquera, Deibys Josue Marquez Castro

Abstract


Dyes used in different industries are one of the main sources of water pollution. In this study, ferromagnetic biochar derived from agricultural residues of Musa acuminata was investigated as an adsorbent of dyes from water contaminated with methylene blue and rhodamine b. Biochar was obtained by pyrolysis at 550 °C for 1 h and then subjected to surface modification with FeSO4. Morphology and surface structure were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Functional groups before and after surface modification were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and Raman microscopy. Adsorption experiments were conducted in aqueous solutions previously contaminated with dyes. FTIR and Raman analyses were performed after sorption of the dyes. Adsorption kinetic analyses were performed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models along with Intra-particle diffusion analysis. SEM-EDS revealed the biochar porosity and evidenced the presence of Fe in the material structure. FTIR and Raman analysis displayed bands associated with the surface modification with Fe. In the adsorption experiment, a maximum removal of methylene blue of 99.44% and rhodamine b of 98.20% was obtained. FTIR and Raman showed bands associated with dye adsorption. The second-order model described the adsorption kinetics. The ferromagnetic biochar from Musa acuminata demonstrated effective dye adsorption and could be considered an economical and environmentally friendly solution for water decontamination.

Keywords



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DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2025.06.004

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