Page Header

Home > Vol 16, No 3 (Jul.–Sep. 2023): Special Issue > Sathishkumar

Characterization of New Cellulose Fiber Extracted from Pithecellobium dulce Tree

Tottyeapalayam Palanisamy Sathishkumar, Palanisamy Navaneethakrishnan, Subbaraya Velumani Shivaram, Sridhar Santhosh Kanna, Lakshminarasimhan Rajeshkumar, Guruswamy Rajeshkumar

Abstract


Lightweight materials are continuously required for various parts of automobile and aerospace applications. In this connection, natural fibers are widely used to develop polymer composites due to their being biodegradable and lightweight. The demand for natural fiber for developing the lightweight polymer composite is needed for new fibers. The present work extracts and characterizes the bio-fiber from the Pithecellobium dulce (PDs) plant. The Pithecellobium dulce fiber (PDF) has a cellulose content of 63.45 wt.%, hemicellulose content of 14.56 wt.%, lignin content of 8.45 wt.%, wax content of 0.37 wt.%, moisture content of 11.71 wt.%, and ash content of 4.85 wt.%. The physical density and crystallinity index of PDF was 1097 kg/m3 and 9.7 %. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus properties were identified as 317–1608 MPa and 8.41–69.61 GPa. The thermal stability of PDF showed at higher temperatures of 339.1°C. This revealed higher cellulose content leading to the higher bonding of cellulose structure. The properties of PDFs can be used to make green polymer composites.

Keywords



[1] T. P. Sathishkumar, P. Navaneethakrishnan, S. Shankar, R. Rajasekar, and N. Rajini, “Characterization of natural fiber and composites–A review,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 32, no. 19, 2013, doi: 10.1080/15685543.2013. 816652.

[2] T. P. Sathishkumar, P. Navaneethakrishnan, S. Shankar, and R. Rajasekar, “Characterisation of new cellulose Sansevieria ehrenbergii fibers for polymer composites,” Composite Interfaces, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 575–593, 2013, doi:10.1080/ 15685543.2013.816652.

[3] V. P. Arthanarieswaran, A. Kumaravel, and S. S. Saravanakumar, “Characterisation of new natural cellulosic fiber from Acacia leucophloea Bark,” International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, vol. 20, pp. 367–376, 2015, doi: 10.1080/1023666X.2015.1018737.

[4] L. Bacci, S. D. Lonardo, L. Albanese, G. Mastromei, and B. Perito, “Effect of different extraction methods on fiber quality of nettle (Urtica dioica L.),” Textile Research Journal, vol. 81, no. 8, pp. 827–837, 2010, doi: 10.1177/ 0040517510391678.

[5] P. G. Baskaran, P. Senthamarainkannan, K. Marimuthu, and S. S. Saravanakumar, “Characterisation of new natural cellulosic fiber from the bark of Dichrostachys cinerea,” Journal of Natural Fibers, 15, no. 1, pp. 62–68, 2017, doi: 10.1080/ 15440478.2017.1304314.

[6] M. G. Krishna, C. Kailasanathan, and B. Nagarajaganesh, “Physico-chemical and morphological characterisation of cellulose fibers extracted from Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. & Schult. F leaves,” Journal of Natural Fibers, vol. 19, no.9, pp. 3300–3316, 2020, doi: 10.1080/ 15440478.2020.1843102.

[7] R. Gopinath, K. Ganesan, S. S. Saravanakumar, and R. Poopathi, “Characterisation of new cellulosic fiber from the stem of Sida rhombifolia,” International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 123–129, 2021, doi: 10.1080/1023666X.2016.1117712.

[8] J. Naveen, M. Jawaid, P. Amuthakkannan, and M. Chandrasekar, “Mechanical and physical properties of sisal and hybrid sisal fiberreinforced polymer composites,” Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 427–440, 2019, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-102292-4.00021-7.

[9] M. K. Pandiarajan, P. Senthamaraikannan, and S. S. Saravanakumar, “Physicochemical properties of new cellulosic Artisdita hystrix leaf fiber,” International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, vol. 21, pp. 663–668, 2006, doi: 10.1080/1023666X.2016.1194636.

[10] P. Manimaran, M. Prithiviraj, S. S. Saravanakumar, V. P. Arthanarieswaran, and P. Senthamaraikannan, “Physicochemical, tensile, and thermal characterisation of new natural cellulosic fibers from the stems of Sida cordifolia,” Journal of Natural Fibers, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 860–869, 2017, doi: 10.1080/15440478.2017.1376301.

[11] P. Manimaran, P. Senthamaraikannan, S. M. Rangappa, M. K. K. Marichelvam, and M. Jawaid, “Study on the characterisation of Furcraea foetida new natural fiber as composite reinforcement for lightweight applications,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 181, pp. 650–658, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.099.
[12] P. Manimaran, S. P. Saravanan, M. Prithiviraj, “Investigation of physico chemical properties and characterization of new natural cellulosic fibers from the bark of Ficus racemosa,” Journal of Natural Fibers, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 274–284, 2021, doi: 10.1080/15440478.2019.1621233.

[13] P. Manimaran, S. S. Saravanakumar, K. Mithun, and P. Senthamaraikannan, “Physicochemical properties of new cellulosic fibers from the bark of Acacia arabica,” International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, vol. 21, pp. 548–553, 2016, doi: 10.1080/1023666X. 2016.1177699.

[14] N. M. Pannirselvam, R. Gopinath, T. P. Sathishkumar, “Physico-mechanical, chemical composition and thermal properties of cellulose fiber from Hibiscus vitifolius plant stalk for polymer composites,” Journal of Natural Fibers, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1–16, 2021, doi: 10.1080/15440478.2021.1941484.

[15] M. Ramesh, M. T. Selvan, L. Rajeshkumar, C. Deepa, and A. Ahmad, “Influence of Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica tree trunk bark nano-powder on properties of milkweed plant fiber reinforced epoxy composites,” Journal of Natural Fibers, vol. 19, pp. 13776–13789, 2022, doi: 10.1080/15440478.2022.2106341.

[16] K. M. M. Rao, A. V. R. Prasad, M. N. V. R. Babu, K. M. Rao, A. V. S. S. K. S. Gupta, “Tensile properties of elephant grass fiber reinforced polyester composite,” Journal of Material Science, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 3266–3272, 2007, doi:10.1007/s10853-006-0657-8.

[17] T. Natarajan, A. Kumaravel, and R. Palanivelu, “Extraction and characterisation of natural cellulosic fiber from Passiflora foetida stem,” International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 478–485, 2016, doi:10.1080/1023666X.2016.1168636.

[18] V. Bhuvaneswari, M. Priyadharshini, C. Deepa, D. Balaji, L. Rajeshkumar, and M. Ramesh, “Deep learning for material synthesis and manufacturing systems: A review,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 46, pp. 3263–3269, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.351

[19] K. Raja, B. Prabu, P. Ganeshan, V. S. Chandra Sekar, B. N. Ganesh, “Characterisation studies of natural cellulosic fibers extracted from shwetark stem,” Journal of Natural Fibers, vol.18, no.11, pp. 1934–1945, 2021, doi: 10.1080/15440478.2019.1710650.

[20] N. Kumar, A. Singh, K. Debnath, and N. Kumar, “Water absorption and mechanical behaviour of Borassus fruit fibre-reinforced composites,” Emerging Materials Research, vol. 9, no. 1, pp.10–17, 2019.

[21] A. S. Kumaar, A. Senthilkumar, T. Sornakumar, S. S. Saravanakumar, and V. P. Arthanariesewaran, “Physicochemical properties of new cellulosic fiber extracted from Carica papaya bark,” Journal of Natural Fibers, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 175– 184, 2019.

[22] S. S. Kumar and V. M. Raja, “Processing and determination of mechanical properties of Prosopis juliflora bark, banana and coconut fiber reinforced hybrid bio composites for an engineering field,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 208, Art. no. 108695, 2021.

[23] P. Senthamaraikannan, S. S. Saravanakumar, S. M. Rangappa, M. Jawaid, and S. Siengchin, “Physico-chemical and thermal properties of untreated and treated Acacia planifrons bark fibers for composite reinforcement,” Materials Letters, vol. 240, pp. 221–224, 2019.

[24] L. Rajeshkumar, M. Ramesh, V. Bhuvaneswari, D. Balaji, and C. Deepa, “Synthesis and thermomechanical properties of bioplastics and biocomposites: A systematic review,” Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2023, doi: 10.1039/ D2TB02221D.

[25] U. V. Akhil, N. Radhika, B. Saleh, S. A. Krishna, N. Noble, and L. Rajeshkumar, “A comprehensive review on plant‐based natural fiber reinforced polymer composites: Fabrication, properties, and applications,” Polymer Composites, 2023, doi: 10.1002/pc.27274.

[26] V. Bhuvaneswari, L. Rajeshkumar, T. P. Sathishkumar, G. Rajeshkumar, S. M. Rangappa, and S. Siengchin, “Effect of fiber orientation on physical and mechanical properties of Typha angustifolia natural fiber reinforced composites,” Applied Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 16, no. 3, 2023, doi: 10.14416/j.asep.2022.11.004.

[27] M. Ramesh, L. N. Rajeshkumar, N. Srinivasan, D. V. Kumar, and D. Balaji, “Influence of filler material on properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review,” e-Polymers, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 898–916, 2022.

[28] T. P. Sathishkumar, J. de-Prado-Gil, R. Martínez- García, L. Rajeshkumar, G. Rajeshkumar, S. M. Rangappa, S. Siengchin, A. M. Alosaimi, and M. A. Hussein, “Redeemable environmental damage by recycling of industrial discarded and virgin glass fiber mats in hybrid composites—An exploratory investigation,” Polymer Composites, vol. 44, no.1, pp. 318–329, 2023.

[29] M. Ramesh, R. Janani, C. Deepa, and L. Rajeshkumar, “Nanotechnology-enabled biosensors: A review of fundamentals, design principles, materials, and applications,” Biosensors, vol. 13, no. 1, Art. no. 40, 2022, doi: 10.3390/bios1301004.

[30] C. M. Conrad, “Determination of wax in cotton fiber, a new alcohol extraction method,” Industrial Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 745–748, 1994, doi: 10.1021/i560136a007.
[31] J. A. Foulk, W. Y. Chao, D. E. Akin, R. B. Dodd, and P. A. Layton, “Enzyme-retted flax fiber and recycled polyethylene composites,” Journal of Polymers and Environment, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 165–171, 2004, doi: 10.1023/B:JO OE.0000038548.73494.59.

Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.05.002

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright © 2024 by King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok. All rights reserved.